Unit 6 Book 3 · Disaster and Hope · 阅读练习(一)

From Fighting to Adapting

城市防洪理念的转变:从"对抗洪水"到"与水共存"

On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise through her floor for the third time this year. She simply moves her goods to the second floor and waits. Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it's designed to flood.

This is not failure. This is adaptation.

For more than a century, cities treated water as the enemy to be defeated. Engineers built higher walls, stronger pumps and deeper channels. The enemy metaphor ran deep: We "fight" floods, "battle" rising seas and storm surges. And for a while, it worked, or seemed to.

Then came the storms that broke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flooded 51 square kilometers of New York City in 2012. In 2021, floods in Germany killed more than 180 people despite advanced warning systems. The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight.

What these events exposed was not a problem in engineering, but a problem in thinking. You cannot defeat water; you can only delay it. And delay is not a strategy.

Not with a bang, but with a rethink. In Copenhagen, after a 2011 flood caused nearly a billion dollars in damage, city planners didn't just rebuild — they redesigned. A new park called Tasinge Plads now serves as a public square when dry and a retention pond when rains come. Children play on equipment that doubles as water storage. The enemy has become a neighbor.

The most telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a country that literally built itself on the idea of defeating water. However, the Room for the River program, begun in 2007, has done something unconventional: it moved dikes back, lowered floodplains, and gave rivers room to breathe. When water rises now, it flows where it's meant to go.

Back in Bangkok, the shop owner knows something that city engineers are only beginning to learn. Water doesn't need to be fought. It needs to be expected.

The old question was: How high can we build the wall?

The new question is: What can we build that water can live with?

adaptationn.适应;改编
defeatvt.击败;战胜
metaphorn.隐喻;比喻
battlevi.战斗;搏斗
concreteadj.混凝土的;具体的
strategyn.策略;战略
redesignvt.重新设计
unconventionaladj.非传统的;不寻常的
The most telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a country that literally built itself on the idea of defeating water. (Para. 7)
翻译:最引人注目的变化可能正在荷兰发生——这个国家可以说就是建立在"战胜水"的理念之上的。

分析:句中 a country 是 the Netherlands 的同位语,that 引导定语从句修饰 country。
Questions 1 — 4 点击题目看答案
1
How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
  • A By describing a scene.
  • B By presenting a comparison.
  • C By citing a shop owner.
  • D By explaining a phenomenon.
正确答案:A
推理判断题 作者在第一段通过描述曼谷街道上店主面对洪水的反应和新建公园的设计,呈现了"适应洪水"这一主题。
"On a quiet street in Bangkok, a shop owner watches water rise... Four blocks away, a newly built park is doing something strange — it's designed to flood."
→ 这是对一个具体场景的描述。
2
What does the author try to illustrate in paragraph 4?
  • A The inconvenience of concrete defenses.
  • B The severity of natural disasters worldwide.
  • C The shortage of advanced warning systems.
  • D The ineffectiveness of old flood control ways.
正确答案:D
推理判断题 第四段通过列举飓风桑迪和德国洪水的例子,说明传统的混凝土防洪措施已经失效。
"The concrete defenses, perfected over generations, were failing in plain sight."
→ 本段的核心论点是旧的防洪方式不再有效。
3
What is Netherlands' water management like according to the text?
  • A Cautious and flexible.
  • B Economical and reliable.
  • C Innovative and reasonable.
  • D Efficient and systematic.
正确答案:C
推理判断题 荷兰的"为河流腾出空间"项目打破了传统的建坝思维,将堤坝后移、降低洪泛平原,体现了创新性和合理性。
"unconventional"(非传统的)暗示了创新,"flows where it's meant to go"体现了合理性。
4
What do the two questions at the end of the text mainly show?
  • A The necessity of construction.
  • B The importance of engineering.
  • C The transformation in concepts.
  • D The trouble in solving problems.
正确答案:C
推理判断题 文章最后两个问题形成对比:旧问题关注"建多高的墙"(对抗思维),新问题关注"建造什么让水可以共存"(适应思维)。这体现了思维观念的转变。
旧:"How high can we build the wall?" → 对抗
新:"What can we build that water can live with?" → 适应

Answer Key

Q1
A
Q2
D
Q3
C
Q4
C

Canadian Wildfire Smoke

加拿大野火烟雾跨境影响美国多州空气质量

Canada is experiencing its second worst wildfire season on record, according to government data, with almost 4,000 fires recorded already this calendar year.

Smoke coming across the border has affected air quality in several U.S. states. This weekend, air quality reached concerning levels across Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Parts of Illinois and Indiana are also under air quality alerts. People in New York, Vermont, and Maine are also being advised to limit outdoor activity due to pollution from the smoke.

National Weather Service Lead Forecaster Bob Oravec told NPR that the current wind patterns are once again driving the spread of polluted air into the U.S. from Canada. "Air is moving at all levels and a lot of times it'll move in the same direction through the whole depth of the atmosphere, so the smoke is rising into the winds and the winds just transport it downstream, like anything — like a leaf getting blown," Oravec explained.

On Friday, Minnesota's Pollution Control Agency extended its statewide air quality alert until noon on Monday, August 4th. Minnesota Public Radio reports the state is currently under its longest air quality alert since the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency began issuing alerts in 2008. The alert is expected to last seven days in total. Earlier this weekend, the agency reported it expected the air quality index (AQI) to reach the most severe level of "red" for all of the state, which is considered unhealthy for everyone.

In a statement, the Pollution Control Agency warned that even healthy people may experience symptoms such as irritated eyes, coughing, or shortness of breath. Others could feel more serious impacts, the agency said. "Sensitive or more exposed individuals may experience more serious health effects, including worsening of existing lung disease and respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, possibly leading to an asthma attack, heart attack, or stroke," according to the Pollution Control Agency statement.

Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre reported that more than 700 active fires were burning across Canada on Sunday, mostly in the southern province of Manitoba, directly to the north of Minnesota. The agency says more than 500 are burning out of control. Thousands of Canadians have had to evacuate their homes to escape the fires.

on record短语有记录以来
alertn.警报;警戒
transportvt.运输;运送
downstreamadv.下游;顺风方向
severeadj.严重的;严厉的
symptomn.症状
evacuatevt.疏散;撤离
out of control短语失控
Minnesota Public Radio reports the state is currently under its longest air quality alert since the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency began issuing alerts in 2008. (Para. 4)
翻译:明尼苏达公共广播电台报道,该州目前正处于自2008年明尼苏达污染控制局开始发布警报以来持续时间最长的空气质量警报期。

分析:reports 后接宾语从句,从句中 since 引导时间状语从句。
Questions 5 — 8 点击题目看答案
5
What makes the U.S. continue to be affected by Canadian wildfire smoke?
  • A Canada has stopped managing the wildfires.
  • B U.S. states lack measures to reduce pollution.
  • C The wildfires are expected to increase in size.
  • D Wind patterns consistently drive smoke southward.
正确答案:D
细节理解题 根据国家气象局首席预报员的解释,当前的风向模式持续将受污染的空气从加拿大吹向美国。
"the current wind patterns are once again driving the spread of polluted air into the U.S. from Canada"
→ "the winds just transport it downstream"
6
Which of the following is true?
  • A Minnesota Public Radio first issued air quality alerts in 2008.
  • B The U.S. had never experienced any air quality issues before.
  • C The longest alert in Minnesota before 2025 was shorter than a week.
  • D Minnesota's Pollution Control Agency limited alerts to rural areas.
正确答案:C
细节理解题 明尼苏达州目前的空气质量警报是自2008年以来最长的,预计总共持续7天。由此可以推断,之前最长的警报短于7天。
"the state is currently under its longest air quality alert since ... 2008. The alert is expected to last seven days in total."
→ 这是自2008年以来最长的 = 以前的都比7天短。
7
What does the underlined part "respiratory and cardiovascular conditions" in paragraph 5 mean?
  • A Airway and brain systems.
  • B Digestion and nerve systems.
  • C Eye and muscle-bone systems.
  • D Breathing and heart-blood vessel systems.
正确答案:D
词义猜测题 根据后文列举的"asthma attack"(哮喘发作)和"heart attack"(心脏病发作),可以推测 respiratory 与呼吸相关,cardiovascular 与心血管相关。
asthma attack → 呼吸(respiratory)
heart attack → 心脏血管(cardiovascular)
8
What is a suitable title for the text?
  • A Wind Patterns Are the Key Factor in Wildfire Smoke Spread
  • B Smoke from Canadian Wildfires Impacts U.S. Air Quality
  • C Health Alerts Issued: How to Protect Against Wildfire Smoke
  • D Canada's Wildfires: History-Making Season Hits Record High
正确答案:B
主旨大意题 文章主要围绕加拿大野火烟雾跨境影响美国空气质量展开,第二段即点明主旨,后续段落详细说明受影响的州、健康警示等内容。
"Smoke coming across the border has affected air quality in several U.S. states."
→ 这是文章的核心论点,其他段落都围绕这一主题展开。

Answer Key

Q5
D
Q6
C
Q7
D
Q8
B