高中英语语法专项 · 高一 & 高考高频

Ellipsis 省略句型

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学习目标 Learning Objectives
掌握英语省略的两大核心原则：避免重复、语言简洁
1
状语从句中的省略 ★ Ellipsis in Adverbial Clauses — 高考超级重难点
省略条件：当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是 it，且从句中含有 be 动词时。
还原公式：省略"主语 + be 动词" ➡️ 留下 doing（主动）、done（被动）或形容词 / 介词短语。
经典例句 1 — 主动
While (he was) walking in the street, he met an old friend.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2 — 被动
Although (it is) built of wood, the house is very strong.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 3 — 主语为 it
If (it is) possible, please call me tomorrow.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
牛刀小试
Unless ______ (invite), I won't go to his birthday party.
答案：invited
解析：状语从句省略。还原后为：Unless I am invited。主语 I 与 invite 是被动关系，故用 -done 形式。
2
并列句中的省略 Ellipsis in Parallel Structures
省略条件：由 and, but, or, while 连接的并列句中，后面分句为了避免重复，常省略与前面分句相同的成分（通常是谓语动词或主语）。
经典例句 1
My father likes football and my mother (likes) basketball.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2
Some steamed buns are eaten by Tom, and others (are eaten) by Jerry.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
牛刀小试
We went to the beach yesterday, but they ______ (not go).
答案：didn't
解析：并列句省略。省略了 go to the beach，用 didn't 代替 didn't go to the beach。
3
比较状语从句中的省略 Ellipsis in Comparative Clauses
省略条件：在 than 或 as...as... 引导的比较状语从句中，常省略与主句重复的部分（助动词、系动词或整个谓语部分）。
经典例句 1
He runs faster than I (do).
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2
She studies harder than I do.
完整形式：She studies harder than I do. / 省略形式：She studies harder than I.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
4
动词不定式中的省略（"光秃秃的 to"） Ellipsis in Infinitives
省略条件：为了避免重复，当不定式后面的动词在前面已经出现过，后面只保留不定式符号 to。
常见搭配：want to, like to, love to, have to, need to, used to, refuse to, hope to...
特殊情况：如果是 be + 形容词 + to do 结构，不能只留 to，还要留 be（如：I'm glad to be）。
经典例句 1
— Would you like to go to the cinema with me?
— I'd love to (go to the cinema with you).
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2
— Are you a volunteer?
— No, but I hope to be (a volunteer).
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
牛刀小试
— Don't make any noise here.
— Sorry, I didn't mean ______ .
答案：to
解析：不定式省略。为了避免重复，保留 to，省略了后面的 make any noise。
5
宾语从句中连接词 that 的省略 Ellipsis in Object Clauses
省略条件：在 think, say, believe, know, hope 等动词引导的宾语从句中，that 没有任何实际意义，在非正式文体中常省略。
注意：如果有两个或两个以上并列的 that 宾语从句，第一个 that 可以省，后面的 that 绝对不能省！
经典例句 1
I know (that) you are hard-working.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2 — 多个 that 从句
He said (that) he would come, that he would stay for a week, and that he would bring his son.
后面的两个 that 不可省略
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
牛刀小试
I believe (that) honesty is the best policy and ______ it brings respect.
答案：that
解析：第二个 that 不可省。当有多个并列 that 宾语从句时，第一个 that 可以省，后面的 that 绝对不能省。
6
定语从句中关系代词的省略 Ellipsis in Attributive Clauses
省略条件：关系代词 that, which, who, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语或在"介词 + 关系代词"结构中绝对不能省。
经典例句 1 — 作宾语，可省
The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2 — 作主语，不可省
The man who is speaking there is our headteacher.
who 作主语，不可省略
牛刀小试
This is the school in ______ I studied three years ago.
答案：which
解析：介词后不可省略，也不能用 that。"介词 + 关系代词"结构中，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）。
7
虚拟条件句中 if 的省略（伴随"倒装"） Ellipsis in Subjunctive Mood — Inversion
省略条件：在虚拟语气的条件从句中，如果包含 were, had, should 三个词，可以把 if 省略，然后把这三个词提到主语前面（俗称"半倒装"）。
经典例句 1
If I were you, I would try. ➡️ Were I you, I would try.
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2
If you had studied hard, you would have passed. ➡️ Had you studied hard...
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
牛刀小试
______ (if it should rain) tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
答案：Should it rain
解析：虚拟语气省略 if。原句为 If it should rain，省略 if 后将 should 提到主语 it 前面，构成半倒装 Should it rain。
8
感叹句、口语及告示语中的省略 Ellipsis in Exclamations & Daily Speech
省略条件：为了追求说话的高效，常省略主语、系动词、情态动词。
感叹句省略
What a beautiful day (it is)!
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
口语省略
(Is there) Any coffee left?
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
告示语省略
(You should) No smoking! / (Be) Quiet!
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
9
so / neither / nor 简略答语中的省略 Ellipsis in Brief Responses
省略条件：用来表示前面的肯定 / 否定情况也适用于另一个人或物。
公式：
表示肯定"也一样" ➡️ So + 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 + 主语
表示否定"也不…" ➡️ Neither / Nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词 + 主语
经典例句 1 — 肯定
— Tom can swim.
— So can I. (＝ I can swim, too.)
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
经典例句 2 — 否定
— I didn't watch TV last night.
— Neither did she. (＝ She didn't watch TV either.)
点击切换省略 / 完整形式
牛刀小试
— I am keen on playing basketball.
— So ______ my brother.
答案：is
解析：前句用 am，但 my brother 是第三人称单数，所以用 is。So + be动词 + 主语，be动词需要与后面的主语保持一致。
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精选通关练习 高考模拟及真题变形
通关秘籍：做下面题目时，请先尝试在脑海中"还原"句子，看清楚它到底省略了什么，再落笔。

第一部分：语法填空（一空一词）

1 While __________ (read) the book, she couldn't help crying.
答案：reading
解析：状语从句省略。还原后为：While she was reading... 主语 she 与 read 是主动关系，故用 -doing。
2 If __________ (ask) to help, you should try your best to do it well.
答案：asked
解析：状语从句省略。还原后为：If you are asked... 你是被请求帮忙，表被动，故用 -done。
3 — Will you join us for dinner tonight? — I'd like __________, but I have too much homework to do.
答案：to
解析：不定式省略。为了避免重复，保留 to，省略了后面的 join you for dinner tonight。
4 — I don't think we can change his mind. — Nor _________ I. He is too stubborn (固执的).
答案：do
解析：简略答语省略。前句否定用 don't，表示"我也不"，用 Nor/Neither 开头，助动词用 do。
5 The laptop __________ I used last year was broken.
答案：that / which / 不填
解析：定语从句关系词省略。关系词在从句中作动词 used 的宾语，故可以省略，也可以填 that 或 which。
6 __________ I known the truth earlier, I wouldn't have made such a stupid decision.
答案：Had
解析：虚拟语气省略 if。还原后是 If I had known...，省略 if 后将助动词 had 提到主语 I 的前面。

第二部分：句型转换 / 完美还原

7 Unless it is necessary, you don't need to hand in the report. (改为省略句)
原句 Unless it is necessary, you don't need to hand in the report.
省略句 Unless necessary, you don't need to hand in the report.
解析：直接省去从句中的主语 it 和 be 动词 is。
8 If I had sufficient money, I would have bought that house. (改为省略 if 的倒装句)
原句 If I had sufficient money, I would have bought that house.
第一步：省略 if I had sufficient money, I would have bought that house.
第二步：had 提前（半倒装） Had I sufficient money, I would have bought that house.
解析：省略 if 后，把 had 提到主语 I 之前，构成半倒装。
9 Tom can speak Japanese. Linda can speak Japanese, too. (合并为包含 So 倒装的简洁句)
原句 Tom can speak Japanese. Linda can speak Japanese, too.
合并句 Tom can speak Japanese, and so can Linda.
解析：肯定句的"也一样"，结构为：So + 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语。
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考点避坑指南 高考防错小贴士
1. 状语从句省略的"主语一致"陷阱
❌ 错误
While walking in the street, a dog bit him.
走路的是他，不是狗！
✅ 正确
While he was walking in the street, a dog bit him.
主语不一致时不能省略
结论：只有当从句主语和主句主语完全一致时才能省，否则会造成逻辑主语混乱！
2. So 倒装 vs So 不倒装（高一极易混淆）
倒装：So + 助动词 + 主语
— He works hard.
— So do I.
我也很努力。（两个不同的人）
不倒装：So + 主语 + 助动词
— He works hard.
— So he does.
他确实很努力。（同一个人，表示赞同）
对比记忆：
So + 助动词 + 主语 ➡️ "某人也一样"（两个不同的人）
So + 主语 + 助动词 ➡️ "确实如此"（同一个人，表示赞同）
TeachingM · Grammar Center — Ellipsis 省略句型专项