Non-finite Verbs as Objects｜非谓语动词作宾语

从教材出发：先看句子，再找规律

本课不从大段规则开始，而是先观察 Unit 2 Using Language 中的例句。

Textbook · Sentence 1

J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school.

J.D. Salinger started to write short stories in high school.

Textbook · Sentence 2

Nevertheless, the sisters didn't stop trying.

Nevertheless, the sisters didn't stop to try.

教材还给了我们一个观察点

These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, …

本课核心问题：When should we use doing or to do after a verb?

建立规则地图：先分三类

判断动词后接哪种形式，可以先问自己：这个动词属于哪一类？

Type A

只能接 to do

例如：decide to do、hope to do、refuse to do。

先记常见搭配，再放进句子中练习。

Type B

只能接 doing

例如：enjoy doing、avoid doing、finish doing。

特别注意介词后通常接动名词。

Type C

两种形式都可以

有些动词两种形式意思接近；有些动词两种形式意义明显不同。

关键是结合上下文判断。

三步判断法

Step 1

看前面的动词

它通常接 to do，还是 doing？

Step 2

看句子结构

有没有介词？有没有具体的人作宾语？

Step 3

看语境意义

动作尚未发生，还是已经发生？是继续动作，还是停下来做另一件事？

第一类：只能接不定式 to do 作宾语

先理解口诀，再用动词清单和例句巩固。清单保留网站归纳中的全部项目。

强记策略

决心学会想希望，

decide 决心learn 学会want 想要expect 期望hope 希望wish 愿望

拒绝设法愿假装。

refuse 拒绝manage 设法care 愿意pretend 假装

主动提出选计划，

offer 主动提出promise 承诺choose 选择plan 计划

同意请求帮一帮。

agree 同意ask 请求beg 恳求help 帮助

口诀之外补充：

afford 负担得起strive 努力

Example 1

She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

我经过时，她假装没有看见我。

结构：pretend + not to do。否定词 not 放在不定式符号 to 之前。

Example 2

Many companies are striving to make their products competitive.

许多公司正在努力使自己的产品具有竞争力。

结构：strive to do，表示努力做某事。

即时练习 A · 基础搭配

输入动词的正确形式。可填写完整的 to do 形式。

1. She decided ________ (learn) English.

参考答案：to learn

2. They hope ________ (win) the game.

参考答案：to win

3. He refused ________ (answer) the question.

参考答案：to answer

4. Many companies strive ________ (make) their products competitive.

参考答案：to make

第二类：只能接动名词 doing 作宾语

把网站中的口诀、动词清单、例句和介词短语全部放在这一部分。

强记策略

考虑建议盼原谅，

consider 考虑suggest 建议advise 建议look forward to 盼望excuse 原谅

承认推迟没得想。

admit 承认delay 推迟put off 推迟

避免错过继续练，

avoid 避免miss 错过keep 继续practise 练习

否认完成停欣赏。

deny 否认finish 完成enjoy 欣赏appreciate 欣赏

禁止想象才冒险，

forbid 禁止imagine 想象risk 冒险

不禁介意准逃亡。

can't help 不禁mind 介意allow 准许escape 逃避

Example 1

The squirrels just missed being caught.

这些松鼠差点儿被抓住。

Example 2

I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.

如果您今天下午能回电话，我将不胜感激。

核心必背：介词短语群

介词后如果接动词，通常使用 doing。特别注意以下结构中的 to 是介词。

be used to doinglead to doingdevote ... to doingstick to doingobject to doingget down to doingpay attention to doingcan't stand doingfeel like doinginsist on doinghave difficulty (in) doing

快速提醒：look forward to meeting you；stick to practising；have difficulty remembering words。

即时练习 B · doing 搭配

1. He enjoys ________ (read) stories.

参考答案：reading

2. She avoided ________ (answer) the question.

参考答案：answering

3. We look forward to ________ (meet) you.

参考答案：meeting

4. He kept ________ (practise) every day.

参考答案：practising / practicing

第三类：两种形式都可以，但含义不同

核心动词	接不定式 to do	接动名词 doing
forget / remember	忘记 / 记住接下来要去执行某事（尚未做）	忘记 / 记得此前曾经参与做过某事（已做）
regret	极其抱歉、遗憾地接下来要通知或做某事	对此前做错的、已经发生的某事感到后悔
stop	停下正在做的事，去开启动作 B	彻底终止、中断当前正在进行的动作
try	努力、试图、竭尽全力去攻克某事	抱着试一试的心态，进行某种尝试性试探
mean	内心打算、企图、意欲做某事	（主语通常为物）不可避免地意味着某种结果
go on	结束旧任务，紧接着开辟另一件新任务	不受干扰地继续推进当前同一件事情
can't help	无法提供协助、心有余而力不足（省略 to）	情不自禁、禁不住、克制不住做某事

提示：can't help 后接"无法帮忙"时，常见结构为 can't help (to) do / can't help sb. (to) do，具体形式要看句子结构；表示"情不自禁"时用 can't help doing。

remember / forget

remember to do

记得要做（事情还没做）

Remember to lock the door.

remember doing

记得做过（事情已经发生）

I remember meeting him.

stop

stop to do

停下手头的事，转而去做另一件事

He stopped to buy some water.

stop doing

停止正在做的事

He stopped playing.

try

try to do

努力尝试完成某事

She tried to open the door.

try doing

尝试一种方法

Try restarting the computer.

regret

regret to do

遗憾地要告知 / 做某事

We regret to inform you...

regret doing

后悔做过某事

I regret saying that.

其他三组也要认识

mean to do / mean doing

mean to do：打算做某事。
mean doing：意味着做某事；意味着某种结果。

go on to do / go on doing

go on to do：完成一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go on doing：继续做同一件事。

can't help (to) do / can't help doing

can't help (to) do：不能帮忙做某事（具体结构需结合句子判断）。
can't help doing：情不自禁做某事。

即时练习 C · 结合单元语境辨析

结合 Unit 1 Laugh out loud! 与 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 的主题，注意语境中的动作先后和表达意图。

1. Clown doctors try ________ (help) young patients feel less afraid by making them laugh.

to help — try to do 表示努力去做某事。

2. If a joke does not work, a clown doctor may try ________ (use) a puppet to get the child's attention.

using — try doing 表示尝试一种方法。

3. After receiving several rejection letters, the young writer kept ________ (send) her stories to publishers instead of giving up.

sending — keep doing 表示持续做某事。

4. The Brontë sisters stopped ________ (publish) under their own names and chose male pen names instead.

publishing — stop doing 表示停止原来做的事。

5. Before entering a hospital ward, clown doctors remember ________ (check) the rules; later, they may remember ________ (make) a nervous child smile.

to check；making — remember to do 是记得要做；remember doing 是记得做过。

6. When a nurse needed to speak to him, the clown doctor stopped ________ (perform) and listened carefully.

performing — stop doing 表示停止正在进行的动作。

特殊结构：形式选择还要看句子结构

掌握基本搭配之后，再处理 allow 类动词、主动形式表被动和 worth / worthy。

1. allow / advise / forbid / permit

后面直接接动作

allow doing sth.

We don't allow smoking here.

这里不允许吸烟。

中间有人作宾语

allow sb. to do sth.

We don't allow students to smoke.

我们不允许学生吸烟。

2. need / require / want：主动形式表达被动意义

结构：need / require / want + doing ＝ need / require / want + to be done

The window needs cleaning.
The window needs to be cleaned.

3. worth 与 worthy

be worth + doing

This book is worth reading a second time.

这本书值得再读一遍。

be worthy + of being done / to be done

The place is worthy to be visited.

The place is worthy of being visited.

这个地方值得参观。

分层训练：从准确到灵活

按自己的学习情况完成 A、B、C 任务。建议先独立作答，再查看答案并解释理由。

A 层 · 基础搭配

1. She enjoys ________ (read) English stories.

参考答案：reading

2. He decided ________ (learn) to swim.

参考答案：to learn

3. We finished ________ (clean) the classroom.

参考答案：cleaning

4. They hope ________ (win) the competition.

参考答案：to win

5. He kept ________ (practise) every day.

参考答案：practising

B 层 · 语境辨析

1. Remember ________ (lock) the door before you leave.

参考答案：to lock

2. I remember ________ (meet) him at the school gate last week.

参考答案：meeting

3. He stopped ________ (play) because it was getting dark.

参考答案：playing

4. On his way home, he stopped ________ (buy) some water.

参考答案：to buy

5. She tried ________ (restart) the computer, and it worked.

参考答案：restarting

迁移输出：Onwards and upwards

用本课语法表达"面对困难、坚持努力、不断进步"。

A 层 · 句型支架

I enjoy ________ (learn) English.
I decided ________ (improve) my English.
I keep ________ (practise) every day.
I hope ________ (make) progress.

B 层 · 补全短文

Learning English is not always easy. I sometimes have difficulty ________ (remember) new words. However, I refuse ________ (give) up. I keep ________ (practise) every day and try ________ (find) better ways to learn. I hope ________ (make) progress in the future.

remembering；to give；practising；to find；to make

C 层 · 独立表达

How I Overcome a Challenge

用 4—6 句话描述自己克服困难的经历，至少使用三种不同的非谓语结构。

decide to dorefuse to dokeep doingenjoy doingtry doingstop doing

评价重点：动词搭配是否正确；能否根据语境选择形式；表达是否清楚。

Non-finite Verbsas Objects